Norwegian Breweries |
styles - history - beers |
Introduction | ||
Norway has a typical Nordic brewing industry: high taxation,
lots of regulation and a mass of pale lager. The traditional brewing sector has been reduced, by years of consolidation and rationalisation to 1 multinational, 1 large indigenous group and a handful of independents. If the country weren't such an inconvenient long thin shape, there would almost certainly be even fewer breweries left. Both beer exports and beer imports are insignificant. Carlsberg - who own Norway's largest brewer Ringnes - may put paid to that, when they have another bout of rationalisation fever. The last couple of years have seen a significant number of brewpubs and microbreweries open. Let's hope this is the start of something big. |
The Norwegian brewing industry | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian breweies operate under the strictest regulation
of any in Europe. The active (and sometimes positively vindictive) anti-alcohol
lobby has the ear of the government and takes full advantage of its influence. By the 1990's, Ringnes had attained a position of dominance in the Norwegian beer market. They did it the usual way - buying up competitors and closing them down, or simply using their financial muscle to squeeze them out. But there's a limit to how big you can get when there's only 2 million hl of beer being drunk. Which is why they eventually formed the axis of evil with Carlsberg of Denmark and Pripps of Sweden. The two largest brewing groups (Carlsberg-Ringnes and Hansa Borg) control over 85% of the Norwegian beer market. Mack is the largest independent with about a 7% share, followed by Aass with 5%, Grans with 3% and Trio with 1%. The current number of active breweries is 26. They break down as follows:
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Norwegian Beer Styles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No
Vinmonopol The strict rules controlling the sale of alcohol in Norway have had a huge impact on the types of beer brewed. When the law was changed so that beer greater than 4.75% alcohol could only be sold in the state-run Vinmonopol shops, it had a disastrous effect on stronger styles. Unlike in Sweden, where only low-alcohol beer can be sold in grocery shops, in Norway the biggest seller - pils - is not confined to the state-run alcohol shops (Vinmonopol in Norway). A Vinmomopol makes a Swedish Systembolaget look like De Bierkoning. Because beer forms such a tiny part of the Vinmonopol's turnover, they have almost zero interest in it. No wonder that, with buying such beers made virtually impossible, the market for them collapsed. Currently the Vinmonopol lists a mere 22 Norwegian beers, of which 11 are seasonal for Christmas. Of these, only two regularly-brewed beers - Eagle from Ringnes and Nøgne Ø India Pale Ale - are above the old maximum beer strength of 7%. The range of beers usually available varies from pils to well, er . . . pils. There are attempts to revive the Bayer style, which at least has the advantage of being standard strength, hence available in normal shops. I wish those involved the best of luck. Bottom-fermenting Styles The overwhelming of majority of beer brewed in Norway is bottom-fermenting. You know, the usual German lager types. Look, I have to be honest, it's almost all tiny variations on the northern European pilsner style. Sorry. I really wish I could make it sound more interesting. This is a breakdown of the bottom-fermenting styles:
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Top-fermenting
Styles The commercial Norwegian breweries are effectively 100% bottom-fermenting. There are a couple of examples of Bavarian-style wheat beers made by brewpubs. Beers from the porter and pale ale families of styles also show up in brewpubs or micros. One, Nøgne Ø also has a go at a couple of Belgian styles. This is an overview of the top-fermenting beers brewed in Norway:
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Norwegian Beer Organisations | ||
NORØL
(Norske Ølvenners Landsforbund - Federation of Norwegian Beer Consumers) Postboks 6567 Etterstad, 0607 Oslo, Norway. Homepage: http://www.nor-ale.org/ The Norwegian beer consumers' group and EBCU member. |
Bryggeri- og mineralvannforeningen Essendropsgate 6, 0368 Oslo. Tel: 23 08 86 96 Fax: 22 60 30 04 Email: info@brom.no Homepage: http://www.brom.no/ The official trade organisatin of Norwegian brewers. |
Norwegian Breweries |
Norwegian Beer Statistics |
Statistical overview | |||||
Year | Production hl # | Imports hl | Exports hl | Consumption hl | Consumption (litres/head) |
1993 | 2,140,000 | 50 | |||
1994 | 2,220,000 | 51 | |||
1995 | 2,230,000 | 52 | |||
1996 | 2,300,000 | 53 | |||
1997 | 2,330,000 | 53 | |||
1998 | 2,160,000 | 70,000 | 20,000 | 2,210,000 | 50 |
1999 | 2,200,000 | 140,000 | 40,000 | 2,300,000 | 52 |
2000 | 2,210,000 | 150,000 | 30,000 | 2,330,000 | 52 |
2001 | 2,210,000 | 110,000 | 20,000 | 2,300,000 | 51 |
2002 | 2,230,000 | 130,000 | 20,000 | 2,364,000 | 52 |
2003 | 2,400,000* | 140,000 | 10,000 | 2,270,000 | 50 |
2004 | 2,391,000* | 210,000 | 30,000 | 2,571,000 | 54 |
Source: Bryggeri- og mineralvannforeningen * calculated from the other figures |
Beer production by tax class (hl) | |||||||||
Tax class | alc.vol | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
Vørterøl | 21,000 | 19,000 | 18,000 | 16,000 | 15,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 | |
A | <0.7% | 47,000 | 40,000 | 43,000 | 41,000 | 46,000 | 59,000 | 57,000 | 63,000 |
B | 0.7 - 2.75% | 99,000 | 89,000 | 89,000 | 81,000 | 74,000 | 68,000 | 66,000 | 61,000 |
C | 2.75 - 3.75% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8,000 |
D | 3.75 - 4.75% | 2,216,000 | 2,110,000 | 2,204,000 | 2,233,000 | 2,210,000 | 2,281,000 | 2,191,000 | 2,409,000 |
Sterkøl | >4.75% | 15,000 | 10,000 | 11,000 | 13,000 | 13,000 | 15,000 | 13,000 | 12,000 |
total | 2,330,000 | 2,209,000 | 2,304,000 | 2,327,000 | 2,297,000 | 2,364,000 | 2,270,000 | 2,571,000 | |
Source: Bryggeri- og mineralvannforeningen |
Beer sales by type (%age) | ||||||||||
type | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
Vørterøl | 13 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
Non-alcoholic beer | - | - | - | 0 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
Lettøl | 4 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 5.9 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.4 |
Alkoholsvakt øl (Class C) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 |
Pils | 31 | 53 | 69 | 78 | 84.8 | 91.1 | 91.2 | 91.1 | 91.3 | 91.6 |
Bayerøl | 22 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Juleøl (D) | - | - | - | - | 1.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
Juleøl (sterkøl) | - | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Lyst sterkøl | 14 | 18 | 15 | 10 | 4.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Bokkøl | 16 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Source: Bryggeri- og mineralvannforeningen |
Tax by beer class (NKK per litre) | ||||||||
class | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
A | 1.55 | 1.58 | 1.62 | 1.52 | 1.55 | 1.58 | 1.58 | 1.61 |
B | 2.46 | 2.51 | 2.51 | 2.38 | 2.43 | 2.47 | 2.47 | 2.51 |
C | 9.26 | 9.45 | 9.45 | 8.98 | 9.18 | 9.35 | 9.35 | 9.51 |
D | 16.05 | 16.37 | 16.37 | 15.55 | 15.89 | 16.18 | 16.18 | 16.46 |
Sterkøl | - | 3.65* | 3.65* | 3.47* | 3.55* | 3.61* | 3.61* | 3.67* |
4.75-5.75% | - | - | - | - | 22.82 | |||
5.75-6.75% | - | - | - | - | 29.62 | |||
>6.75% | - | - | - | - | 33.59 | |||
Notes: * per % alc. vol. per litre between 1909 and 1999 max. ABV was 7% Sources: Facts and figures on beer, soft drinks and water in Norway, 2003 Bryggeri- og mineralvannforeningen |
Beer sales by package | |||||||||
type | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | ||||
Returnable bottle | 47.4 | 44.3 | 42.1 | 39.1 | 38 | ||||
Draught | 26 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.1 | 24.4 | ||||
Can | 16.6 | 30.5 | 33.5 | 37.8 | 37.6 | ||||
Source: Bryggeri- og mineralvannforeningen |
Sales by location | |
2002 | |
Kiosks | 2% |
Shops | 72% |
Pubs/restaurants | 26% |
Source: Bryggeri- og mineralvannforeningen |
What do my scores mean? | |
< 25 | positively unpleasant |
25 - 40 | has its faults |
40-50 | OK |
50-60 | reasonably good |
60-70 | above average - definitely worth trying |
70-80 | excellent - worth hunting for |
80 > | world class - you must try it |
Norwegian Breweries |
Listings |
Aass
Brewery Postboks 1530 3007 Drammen Tel: +47 32 26 60 00 Fax: +47 32 26 60 99 Email: info@aass.no Homepage: http://www.aass.no/ Founded: 1834 Annual production:
Independent brewery. The oldest brewery in Norway. It started in 1834 as a general trading company, daeling in timber and ship's provisions, but also running a small bakery and a small brewery. Poul Lauritz Aass bought the company in 1860, but the brewery was destroyed in the disastrous town fire of 1866. The rebuilt brewery operated on a more industrial scale than its predecessor. Today, Aass is one of the most aggressively independent and best-loved breweries in Norway. Just a pity that the name has such an unfortunate sound to English ears. |
Atna
Bryggeri 2476 Atna. Tel: 62 46 00 50 Fax: 62 46 11 50 Email: post@atnabryggeri.no http://www.atnabryggeri.no/ Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. It seems to be run by the same people as Glopheim Kafe which sells their beers. |
Baatbryggeriet
AS 6390 Vestnes. Tel: 9119 0855 Fax: 7118 0627 http://www.baatbryggeriet.no Founded: 2004 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
Berentsens
Brygghus Jernbaneveien 28, P.O. Box 53, 4379 Egersund. Tel. 51 49 14 60 Fax. 51 49 10 73 Email:mail@berentsens.com http://www.berentsens.com Founded: 1895 Annual production:
Microbrewery. A producer of cider and soft drinks that decided to brew. Its beers were initially brewed by Aass. |
Borg
Bryggeri Per Gyntsvei 2-4, Pb.7, 1701 Sarpsborg. Tel: +47 69 12 62 00 Homepage: http://www.hansa.no Founded: 1855 Annual production:
Part of Hansa Borg Bryggerier. A/S Borg Bryggerier and Fredrikstad Bryggeri AS merged in 1989. In 1997 Hansa Bryggeri and Borg Bryggerier merged. |
BryggeriKAIA Sjøgata 1, 8006 Bodø. Tel: 75 52 58 08 Email: post@bryggerikaia.no http://www.bryggerikaia.no/ Founded: 2004 Annual production:
Brewpub. |
Christianssands
Bryggeri CB Setesdalsveien 17, 4616 Kristiansand. Tel: +47 3810 3910 Homepage: http://www.hansa.no Founded: 1856 Annual production:
Part of Hansa Borg Bryggerier. Between 1859 and 1964, when it was sold to the Tou Bryggeri in Stavanger, the brewery was owned by 5 generations of the Christiansen family. Since then there have been several owners, including Sørlandsvekst and the Swedish brewery Spendrups (1993-1999), from whom Hansa Borg bought it in 1999. |
Grans
Bryggeri Kamfjordgaten 56, Postboks 13, 3201 Sandefjord. Tel: +47 33 48 25 00 Fax: +47 33 48 25 25 Email: post@grans.no Homepage: http://www.grans.no/ Founded: 1899 Annual production: 80,000 hl
Independent brewery. Owned 50% by the Gran family and 50% by Treschow-Fritzøe AS. The brewery employs 65 people. |
Hansa
Bryggeri Kokstaddalen 3, 5061 Bergen. Tel: +47 55 99 77 00 Fax: +47 55 99 12 22 Email: kundesenter@hansa.no Homepage: http://www.hansa.no/ Founded: 1891 Annual production: 600,000 (2003 - all 3 breweries in group)
Part of Hansa Borg Bryggerier, Norway's largest indpendent brewery group. The group has about 26% of the Norwegian beer market. In 1989 the brewery was bought by Procordia (Pripps) of Sweden. When Pripps and Ringnes merged in 1996, the EU ruled that Hansa had to be sold off. It was bought by a group of Norwegian investors, led by Storebrand, Norske Liv and Gjensidige. In 1997 Hansa and Borg merged to form Hansa Borg Bryggerier. 1999 Hansa Borg Bryggerier bought the Christianssands Bryggeri (CB) from the Swedish brewery Spendrups. Hansa Borg Bryggerier ASA currently operates breweries in Sarpsborg, Kristiansand and Bergen. The group headquarters is located at the Bergen site. |
HaandBryggeriet Thornegata 39, 3015 Drammen. Tel: 32 83 35 66 Fax: 32 83 35 05 egil@haandbryggeriet.no http://www.haandbryggeriet.no Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
Hardanger Bryggeri 5013 Bergen. Tel: Fax: Founded: CLOSED 199? Annual production:
Independent brewery. |
Lervig
Aktiebryggeri Vierveien 1, Hillevåg, 4016 Stavanger. Tel: 51 81 25 00 Fax: 51 81 25 01 http://www.lervig.no Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. Set up by enthusiasts to replace the town's Tou brewery, closed by Ringnes. Intial batches were brewed at Mack's. |
Det
Lille Bryggeri Hovdmoen Industriområde Ha, 2450 Rena. Tel: 62 44 48 15 Fax: 62 44 35 71 Email: postmaster@ip-as.no http://www.ip-as.no/ Founded: 2005 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
Mack's
Ølbryggeri AS Storgata 4, 9005 Tromsø. Tel: +47 77 62 45 00 Fax: +47 77 65 86 77 Email: mack@mack.no Homepage: http://www.mack.no/ Founded: 1877 Annual production:
Independent brewery. They have installed a 9 hl microbrewery to allow them to brew small amounts fo specialist beers under the Ludwig brand. Ølhallen A/S 9291 Tromsø Tel: 776 24580 Fax: 776 58677 Mack's principal outlet in Tromsø. It sells Gullbock (6.5%) a pale bock, Gullmack (6.5%) and Blanding (4.75% - a mixture of Bayer and Pils) on draught, plus a seasonal beer. Founded in 1928 and Tromsø's oldest pub. Opening times: Mon - Thur 09:00 - 17:00 Fri 09:00 - 18:00 Sat 09:00 - 15:00 Sun closed From 1 June until 31 August Mon - Fri 09:00 - 18:00 |
Mo Laksegard 4230 Sand. Tlf.: 5279 7690 Fax.: 5279 7303 Email: molaks@hesbynett.no http://www.molaks.no/ Founded: 200? Annual production: Brewpub/Farm brewery. The beer is only available at the farm itself and on a special occasion. |
Møllebyen Mikrobryggeri Galla/Kloster Mølle, Fossen 21/23, 1530 Moss. Tel: +47 6925 2701 Fax: +47 6925 2702 Founded: 2003 Annual production: 1,200 hl
Brewpub. |
Nøgne
Ø Det Kompromissløse Bryggeri Reddalsveien 65, 4886 Grimstad. Tel: +47 3727 2747 Email: kjetil@nogne-o.no Homepage: http://www.nogne-o.no/ Founded: 2002 Annual production: 700 hl (capacity, 2004)
Microbrewery which brews an interesting range of Belgian, British and American styles. I can't think of many breweries that make both a German and a Belgian wheat beer. All the beers are bottle-conditioned. Draught beers are sold cask-conditioned (though they are usually only made to order). Nøgne Ø is starting to get an international cult following for its uncompromising beers. Very impressive, considering their tiny size and out of the way location. Their beers are some of those I would most like to try myself. If anyone feels like bringing a few bottles over to Amsterdam, I will be happy to reimburse them (for the beer, that is). |
Nordkapp
Mikrobryggeri Honningsvag, Nordkapp. Tel: +47 7847 2600 Fax: +47 7847 2054 Email: post@bryggerie.no Homepage: http://bryggerie.no/ Founded: 2000 Annual production: 400 hl
Brewpub. The world's most northerly brewery. |
Oslo
Mikrobryggeri Bogstadveien 6, 0355 Oslo. Tel: +47 22 56 97 76 Fax: +47 22 46 93 58 Homepage: http://www.mikrobryggeriet.no/ Founded: 1989 Annual production:
Brewpub. I haven't tried their beers for a while, but they were outstanding. The fact that they've been around for 15 years says something. Opening times: Sun-Tue 15:00-01:00 Wed-Fri 15:00-02:30 Sat 12:00-02:30 |
Ringnes
Arendals Bryggeri Industriv. I 1, 4800 Arendal. Tel: +47 3705 2300 Fax: +47 3705 2359 Homepage: http://www.ringnes.no/ Founded: 1839 Annual production: 420,000 hl. (2000) Ringnes Nordlandsbryggeriet PB 393, Fredensborgveien 124, 8001 Bodø. Tel: +47 7559 0500 Fax: +47 7559 0501 Founded: 1897 Annual Production: 60,000 hl. Draught beer only. Production of bottled beer was moved to Trondheim in 2000. It was founded as the Bodø Aktiebryggeri in 1897. It changed its name to Nordlandsbryggeriet in 1978, before being taken over by Ringnes. Ringnes Bryggeri Postboks 7152 M, Thv. Meyers gate 2, 0307 Oslo. Bryggeriveien 2, 1481 Hagan. Tel: +47 2206 9500 Fax: +47 2206 9902 Founded: 1876 Annual Production: 850,000 hl.
Part of Carlsberg AS. After taking over (and closing) most of the decent-sized breweries in Norway, Ringnes merged with Pripps of Sweden in 1996. It still operates three breweries in Norway, but I'm sure, given their track record, they'll be able to rationalise a bit more. As it isn't always clear where individual beers are brewed, I've lumped all their products together. Many of the beers (such as the Tou and Schou brands) originated in breweries closed decades ago. |
Ringnes
E.C.Dahls Bryggeri Postboks 714, Strandveien 71, N-7001 Trondheim. +47 73 58 15 00 +47 73 58 17 66 Founded: 1856 Annual production: 500,000 hl. (2000)
Part of Carlsberg AS. |
Trio Bryggeri Kjørbekkdalen 4, N-3735 Skien. Tel: 3550 3770 Fx: 3550 3771 Email: post@trio.tm.no Founded: 1998 (1924) Annual production:
Independent brewery. It started producing soft drinks in 1924. It wasn't until 1998 that it started brewing beer. Owned by Macks Ølbryggeri. |
Trondhjem
Mikrobryggeri Postbox 258, Heimdal, Prinsens gt. 39, 7474 Trondheim Tel: +47 735 17 515 Fax: +47 735 17 514 http://www.tmb.no/ Founded: 1998 Annual production: 1,200 hl
Brewpub. Amazingly, Norway's 7th largest brewing company (after Ringnes, Hansa, Mack, Aass, Grans and Trio). Opening times: Sun-Mon 17:00-24:00, Thur-Fri 15:00-02:00, Sat 12:00-02:00 |
Vestlandsbrygg Gangstøvika, 6009 Ålesund. Tel: +47 70 13 72 72 Fax: +47 70 13 82 82 Founded: ****** CLOSED IN 2003 ***** Annual production: Independent brewery. |
Valdres
Gardsbryggeri 2940 Heggenes, Valdres. Tel: +47 613 40495 Fax: +47 Email: kontakt@gardsbryggeriet.com Homepage: http://www.gardsbryggeriet.com Founded: 2000 Annual production:
Microbrewery. |
Vingården AS Vingården, 3480 Filtvet. Tel: 32 79 58 00 Fax: 32 79 58 00 Founded: 200? Annual production:
Winery. I'm not quite sure this belongs here, but what the hell. |